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allele

One of two paired genes at a particular location on a chromosome. Different alleles produce variations in inherited traits.

amino acids

A group of 20 different kinds of small molecules that link together in long chains to form proteins. They are often referred to as the “building blocks” of proteins.

amniocentesis

Amniocentesis is a procedure where a sample of amniotic fluid (the fluid around the baby) is removed from the uterus and sent to a laboratory for evaluation. The fluid is evaluated for chromosomal and other genetic abnormalties. Amniocentesis is performed by inserting a thin needle through the woman's abdomen into the uterus (womb) and withdrawing a small amount of fluid.

antibody

A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance in the body (antigen). Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for other white blood cells to destroy the antigens.

antigen

Any substance that stimulates the immune system. Antigens are often foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses that invade the body.

aphasia

the loss of the ability to comprehend and use words

arhythmias

abnormal heart beat rhythms

atrium

The area od the heart where blood is collected when it returns from the body or lungs. Normally people are born with a left and right atrium.

atrophy

decreased muscle size

autoantibody

An antibody that acts against a person's own tissues.